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Digest of Education Statistics
2023 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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Table 603.90.Employment-to-population ratios of 25- to 64-year-olds, by sex, highest level of educational attainment, and country: 2022
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
CountryTotal population, 25 to 64 years oldMaleFemale
All levels of educationLess than high school completionHigh school completionAssociate's or higher degreeAll levels of educationLess than high school completionHigh school completionAssociate's or higher degreeAll levels of educationLess than high school completionHigh school completionAssociate's or higher degree
12345678910111213
   OECD average1 77.9(0.04)59.4(0.11)76.8(0.06)86.4(0.05)84.0(0.05)69.5(0.15)83.5(0.07)90.2(0.06)72.0(0.05)48.2(0.17)69.2(0.09)83.0(0.07)
Australia280.7(0.34)62.0(0.41)80.3(0.34)86.4(0.29)85.4(0.43)68.4(0.56)85.9(0.42)90.6(0.35)76.1(0.51)55.5(0.60)72.9(0.53)83.0(0.45)
Austria 78.0(0.13)55.4(0.44)77.9(0.18)87.1(0.18)82.1(0.18)63.7(0.68)81.0(0.24)89.8(0.24)73.9(0.20)49.3(0.57)74.6(0.28)84.3(0.28)
Belgium 75.4(0.17)47.0(0.45)73.7(0.28)87.7(0.19)79.5(0.23)56.3(0.62)79.3(0.36)90.0(0.27)71.4(0.25)36.5(0.61)67.0(0.44)85.7(0.28)
Canada379.3(0.14)57.8(0.57)75.7(0.23)83.4(0.15)83.2(0.17)66.0(0.71)81.1(0.28)87.0(0.20)75.4(0.19)46.1(0.85)68.1(0.38)80.5(0.20)
Chile4 65.1(0.15)52.1(0.29)62.6(0.25)80.0(0.24)77.9(0.20)70.5(0.39)76.6(0.32)86.3(0.32)55.0(0.22)37.1(0.38)51.4(0.34)75.2(0.35)

Colombia
69.9(0.07)63.6(0.12)69.1(0.11)79.5(0.11)85.0(0.08)84.2(0.13)84.2(0.13)87.3(0.14)56.1(0.10)42.3(0.17)54.8(0.17)73.4(0.15)
Costa Rica69.0(0.43)63.2(0.57)70.9(0.96)80.4(0.80)85.1(0.49)84.3(0.62)86.2(1.09)86.3(1.11)53.5(0.62)41.3(0.81)55.5(1.42)75.6(1.11)
Czech Republic 84.2(0.12)57.6(0.66)85.0(0.14)87.6(0.22)91.4(0.13)68.6(0.97)91.4(0.15)96.0(0.20)76.6(0.19)48.6(0.88)77.5(0.23)80.6(0.35)
Denmark 81.7(0.20)62.6(0.67)83.2(0.31)88.5(0.25)84.5(0.28)69.9(0.87)86.4(0.39)90.7(0.37)78.8(0.30)52.6(1.02)79.1(0.49)86.9(0.34)
Estonia 83.5(0.33)69.3(1.35)82.1(0.49)88.4(0.42)85.4(0.45)75.0(1.60)85.2(0.61)90.2(0.66)81.5(0.47)58.2(2.38)77.7(0.81)87.4(0.54)

Finland
80.4(0.18)56.3(0.78)78.5(0.28)88.7(0.20)81.1(0.24)62.2(0.95)80.0(0.36)89.7(0.29)79.7(0.25)46.6(1.31)76.5(0.44)88.0(0.27)
France 76.0(0.10)54.3(0.25)74.2(0.15)86.5(0.12)79.3(0.13)61.6(0.36)77.9(0.20)88.8(0.17)72.9(0.14)47.3(0.35)70.2(0.23)84.6(0.17)
Germany 81.9(0.05)65.2(0.17)82.7(0.07)89.0(0.08)86.1(0.07)74.0(0.23)85.9(0.10)92.1(0.09)77.7(0.08)56.4(0.25)79.8(0.11)85.5(0.13)
Greece 69.1(0.16)56.1(0.34)66.7(0.24)79.4(0.24)80.1(0.19)72.4(0.43)80.7(0.28)84.0(0.33)58.2(0.23)38.5(0.46)52.2(0.36)75.4(0.35)
Hungary 83.2(0.11)59.9(0.36)84.0(0.14)92.0(0.17)88.3(0.14)68.2(0.50)89.3(0.16)95.7(0.21)78.2(0.17)52.4(0.49)77.7(0.24)89.3(0.25)

Iceland
85.8(0.39)74.4(1.14)85.7(0.69)91.7(0.45)88.9(0.51)80.3(1.37)90.3(0.76)94.0(0.64)82.4(0.59)64.6(1.90)78.4(1.24)90.1(0.61)
Ireland 79.7(0.17)54.2(0.59)76.1(0.31)87.6(0.19)85.8(0.21)65.8(0.74)84.8(0.37)92.3(0.23)73.8(0.26)38.5(0.88)67.0(0.49)83.7(0.28)
Israel 78.6(0.09)52.5(0.20)73.4(0.17)88.5(0.12)81.5(0.12)63.5(0.26)76.5(0.21)91.3(0.15)75.8(0.14)39.8(0.30)69.5(0.29)86.4(0.17)
Italy 67.5(0.09)53.3(0.17)72.3(0.13)83.4(0.16)78.0(0.12)68.5(0.22)82.8(0.16)87.9(0.22)57.3(0.14)36.0(0.24)61.8(0.20)80.2(0.22)
Japan2,5 84.7(0.15)---(†)---(†)86.9(0.14)92.0(0.15)---(†)---(†)94.4(0.13)77.3(0.24)---(†)---(†)79.6(0.23)

Korea, Republic of2
74.8(0.25)62.5(0.27)71.7(0.25)79.1(0.23)84.7(0.28)70.0(0.36)81.7(0.31)88.7(0.25)64.6(0.39)57.3(0.40)61.3(0.39)68.5(0.38)
Latvia 78.6(0.29)63.8(1.08)75.3(0.43)86.8(0.38)80.2(0.42)68.3(1.33)78.5(0.57)89.3(0.61)77.0(0.41)55.9(1.80)71.3(0.66)85.3(0.49)
Lithuania 81.0(0.23)54.9(1.24)75.7(0.36)90.2(0.26)81.6(0.34)59.8(1.55)78.9(0.49)90.9(0.42)80.4(0.31)44.7(2.01)71.9(0.54)89.7(0.33)
Luxembourg 78.1(0.56)63.4(1.46)72.9(1.05)86.4(0.67)81.8(0.75)69.6(2.00)77.6(1.39)89.0(0.89)74.2(0.82)56.6(2.09)67.8(1.56)83.9(0.99)
Mexico 69.7(0.10)65.4(0.15)70.9(0.21)80.2(0.18)88.0(0.11)87.9(0.15)88.4(0.21)87.9(0.22)53.7(0.15)46.1(0.21)55.7(0.31)73.1(0.28)

Netherlands
83.4(0.09)67.6(0.29)84.1(0.15)89.6(0.11)87.9(0.12)76.9(0.36)88.7(0.19)92.1(0.14)79.0(0.15)57.3(0.45)79.4(0.24)87.2(0.17)
New Zealand 84.2(0.13)72.7(0.37)83.7(0.21)90.1(0.18)89.2(0.17)79.2(0.47)90.2(0.24)93.7(0.22)79.3(0.21)65.6(0.55)76.7(0.34)87.2(0.26)
Norway 83.1(0.17)63.5(0.52)82.9(0.29)90.2(0.20)86.3(0.23)70.4(0.68)87.3(0.34)92.4(0.27)79.7(0.26)55.2(0.79)76.8(0.50)88.5(0.29)
Poland 78.9(0.11)49.2(0.58)75.2(0.16)91.2(0.13)85.4(0.14)59.8(0.78)84.3(0.18)94.5(0.16)72.4(0.17)37.3(0.82)64.0(0.25)88.9(0.18)
Portugal 80.9(0.14)70.5(0.23)84.4(0.25)90.9(0.20)84.0(0.19)78.0(0.29)87.2(0.33)90.7(0.32)78.1(0.20)62.1(0.36)81.7(0.36)90.9(0.25)

Slovak Republic
80.0(0.39)33.3(1.74)80.4(0.47)89.6(0.59)83.6(0.52)40.1(2.77)84.4(0.60)92.1(0.81)76.4(0.58)27.5(2.18)75.7(0.74)87.7(0.81)
Slovenia 80.6(0.21)50.6(0.86)77.8(0.31)90.8(0.24)83.8(0.28)60.3(1.23)82.8(0.37)91.8(0.36)77.1(0.31)40.8(1.15)70.4(0.51)90.1(0.33)
Spain 72.2(0.09)59.9(0.15)72.2(0.18)83.0(0.11)78.1(0.11)69.8(0.20)79.0(0.23)86.2(0.16)66.5(0.13)48.3(0.23)65.4(0.27)80.3(0.16)
Sweden 84.3(0.14)65.0(0.52)84.1(0.23)90.2(0.17)87.0(0.18)73.7(0.64)87.6(0.27)91.5(0.24)81.5(0.22)53.9(0.84)79.0(0.40)89.2(0.23)
Switzerland 83.1(0.13)65.9(0.45)82.6(0.21)88.9(0.16)87.5(0.16)72.9(0.63)86.4(0.28)92.4(0.18)78.6(0.20)59.7(0.63)79.0(0.30)84.8(0.26)

Türkiye2
59.7(0.23)52.0(0.23)62.5(0.23)73.5(0.21)78.5(0.27)74.6(0.29)80.8(0.26)84.1(0.24)39.2(0.33)30.3(0.31)36.4(0.32)61.8(0.33)
United Kingdom6 80.1(0.22)63.0(0.61)79.4(0.39)86.7(0.26)84.4(0.29)70.8(0.82)84.4(0.50)89.7(0.35)76.0(0.32)54.7(0.88)74.2(0.60)84.0(0.38)
United States 75.5(0.16)56.2(0.61)70.6(0.25)82.7(0.19)80.7(0.20)67.3(0.80)76.6(0.33)87.3(0.26)70.4(0.23)42.9(0.88)63.7(0.39)78.9(0.28)

Other reporting
   countries
  Argentina773.8(0.14)66.0(0.26)73.0(0.22)85.8(0.24)85.3(0.17)82.5(0.29)84.8(0.25)91.3(0.31)63.0(0.22)46.6(0.40)61.5(0.33)82.1(0.33)
  Brazil68.9(0.10)58.0(0.16)72.5(0.17)83.9(0.19)80.4(0.13)73.3(0.20)84.2(0.20)90.2(0.25)58.1(0.15)41.0(0.23)61.6(0.25)79.4(0.27)
  Bulgaria78.9(0.17)51.3(0.48)80.7(0.21)90.4(0.23)82.5(0.22)60.0(0.66)84.8(0.26)91.8(0.35)75.2(0.25)42.3(0.68)75.4(0.35)89.4(0.32)
  India262.6(0.06)62.0(0.06)66.2(0.06)63.6(0.06)91.1(0.05)92.0(0.05)91.9(0.05)86.3(0.06)34.6(0.08)35.6(0.08)27.8(0.08)31.6(0.08)
  Indonesia275.0(0.11)74.7(0.12)72.9(0.12)81.1(0.10)91.1(0.11)91.9(0.10)90.0(0.11)90.6(0.11)58.7(0.19)58.8(0.19)50.9(0.19)72.9(0.17)
  Romania71.7(0.13)47.8(0.31)74.8(0.17)91.0(0.21)81.0(0.17)65.7(0.45)82.8(0.20)92.8(0.28)62.2(0.20)32.4(0.39)65.3(0.26)89.5(0.30)
  South Africa252.3(0.29)44.7(0.29)55.4(0.29)75.3(0.25)58.2(0.41)51.2(0.42)61.5(0.40)79.7(0.33)46.6(0.40)38.2(0.39)49.3(0.40)71.7(0.36)
---Not available.  
†Not applicable.
1The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average refers to the mean of data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally.
2Standard errors were estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).
3Standard errors were calculated by Statistics Canada.
4Data are for 2020 instead of 2022.
5Associate's or higher degree data include some persons (less than 5 percent of the total) whose highest level of education was high school completion or a postsecondary program below the associate's degree level.
6High school completion data include some persons (9 percent of 25- to 34-year-olds within this group in 2022) who have completed a sufficient volume and standard of programs, any one of which individually would be classified as a program that only partially completes the high school (or upper secondary) level of education.
7Data are for 2021 instead of 2022.
NOTE: All data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. High school completion refers to completion of ISCED 2011 level 3 (upper secondary education); programs classified under ISCED 2011 as only partially completing level 3 are not included in the high school completion data except where otherwise noted. In this table, persons completing ISCED 2011 level 4 are also considered to have high school completion as their highest level of educational attainment. ISCED level 4 typically corresponds to postsecondary nondegree programs below the associate’s degree level in the United States. Associate’s or higher degrees include ISCED 2011 level 5 (corresponding to the associate’s degree in the United States), level 6 (bachelor’s or equivalent degree), level 7 (master’s or equivalent degree), and level 8 (doctoral or equivalent degree). For each country, the employment to population ratio of 25- to 64-year-olds is the number of persons in this age group who are employed as a percentage of the total civilian population in this age group. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared October 2023.)

2023 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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