|
|
A005114
|
|
Untouchable numbers, also called nonaliquot numbers: impossible values for the sum of aliquot parts function (A001065).
(Formerly M1552)
|
|
57
|
|
|
2, 5, 52, 88, 96, 120, 124, 146, 162, 188, 206, 210, 216, 238, 246, 248, 262, 268, 276, 288, 290, 292, 304, 306, 322, 324, 326, 336, 342, 372, 406, 408, 426, 430, 448, 472, 474, 498, 516, 518, 520, 530, 540, 552, 556, 562, 576, 584, 612, 624, 626, 628, 658
(list;
graph;
refs;
listen;
history;
text;
internal format)
|
|
|
OFFSET
|
1,1
|
|
COMMENTS
|
Chen & Zhao show that the lower density of this sequence is at least 0.06, improving on te Riele. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 28 2013
The term "untouchable number" was coined by Alanen (1972). He found the 570 terms below 5000.
Erdős (1973) proved that the lower asymptotic density of untouchable numbers is positive, te Riele (1976) proved that it is > 0.0324, and Banks and Luca (2004, 2005) proved that it is > 1/48.
Pollack and Pomerance (2016) conjectured that the asymptotic density is ~ 0.17. (End)
The upper asymptotic density is less than 1/2 by the 'almost all' binary Goldbach conjecture, independently proved by Nikolai Chudakov, Johannes van der Corput, and Theodor Estermann. (In this context, this shows that the density of the odd numbers of this form is 0 (consider A001065(p*q) for prime p, q); full Goldbach would prove that 5 is the only odd number in this sequence.) - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 05 2022
|
|
REFERENCES
|
Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd ed., Springer, 2004, section B10, pp. 100-101.
Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 65.
József Sándor, Dragoslav S. Mitrinovic, Borislav Crstici, Handbook of Number Theory I, Springer Science & Business Media, 2005, page 93.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
|
|
LINKS
|
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy], p. 840.
Yong-Gao Chen and Qing-Qing Zhao, Nonaliquot numbers, Publ. Math. Debrecen, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2011), pp. 439-442.
|
|
MATHEMATICA
|
untouchableQ[n_] := Catch[ Do[ If[n == DivisorSigma[1, k]-k, Throw[True]], {k, 0, (n-1)^2}]] === Null; Reap[ Table[ If[ untouchableQ[n], Print[n]; Sow[n]], {n, 2, 700}]][[2, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 29 2012, after Benoit Cloitre *)
|
|
PROG
|
(PARI) isA078923(n)=if(n==0 || n==1, return(1)); for(m=1, (n-1)^2, if( sigma(m)-m == n, return(1))); 0
isA005114(n)=!isA078923(n)
for(n=1, 700, if (isA005114(n), print(n))) \\ R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2006
(PARI) is(n)=if(n%2 && n<4e18, return(n==5)); forfactored(m=1, (n-1)^2, if(sigma(m)-m[1]==n, return(0))); 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 05 2022
|
|
CROSSREFS
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
nonn,nice
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
|
EXTENSIONS
|
|
|
STATUS
|
approved
|
|
|
|