Regulation of phospholipase C isozymes: activation of phospholipase C-gamma in the absence of tyrosine-phosphorylation

Chem Phys Lipids. 1999 Apr;98(1-2):3-11. doi: 10.1016/s0009-3084(99)00013-4.

Abstract

Activation of PLC-gamma isozymes in response to various agonists involves tyrosine phosphorylation of the effector enzymes. Recent evidence indicates that PLC-gamma isozymes are additionally activated by phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and arachidonic acid in the absence of PLC-gamma tyrosine phosphorylation. These lipid-derived messengers are the immediate products of phospholipase D, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phospholipase A2, enzymes which are often stimulated along with PLC-gamma in response to an agonist. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate acts as a substrate for both PLC-gamma and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and as an activator for phospholipase D and phospholipase A2. These results reveal an elaborate mechanism of cross-talk and mutual regulation between four effector enzymes that participate in receptor signaling by acting on phospholipids.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arachidonic Acid / metabolism
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Humans
  • Isoenzymes / metabolism*
  • Phosphatidic Acids / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / metabolism
  • Phospholipase C gamma
  • Phospholipase D / metabolism
  • Phospholipases A / metabolism
  • Phospholipases A2
  • Phosphorylation
  • Second Messenger Systems
  • Type C Phospholipases / metabolism*
  • Tyrosine / metabolism*

Substances

  • Isoenzymes
  • Phosphatidic Acids
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
  • phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate
  • Arachidonic Acid
  • Tyrosine
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Phospholipases A
  • Phospholipases A2
  • Type C Phospholipases
  • Phospholipase C gamma
  • Phospholipase D