Assembly of epithelial tight junctions is negatively regulated by Par6

Curr Biol. 2002 Feb 5;12(3):221-5. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00663-7.

Abstract

Epithelial cells display apical-basal polarity, and the apical surface is segregated from the basolateral membranes by a barrier called the tight junction (TJ). TJs are constructed from transmembrane proteins that form cell-cell contacts-claudins, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-plus peripheral proteins such as ZO-1. The Par proteins (partitioning-defective) Par3 and Par6, plus atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) function in the formation or maintenance of TJs and more generally in metazoan cell polarity establishment. Par6 contains a PDZ domain and a partial CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive binding) domain and binds the small GTPase Cdc42. Here, we show that Par6 inhibits TJ assembly in MDCK II epithelial cells after their disruption by Ca(2+) depletion but does not inhibit adherens junction (AJ) formation. Transepithelial resistance and paracellular diffusion assays confirmed that assembly of functional TJs is delayed by Par6 overexpression. Strikingly, the isolated, N-terminal fragment of PKCzeta, which binds Par6, also inhibits TJ assembly. Activated Cdc42 can disrupt TJs, but neither a dominant-negative Cdc42 mutant nor the CRIB domain of gammaPAK (p21-activated kinase), which inhibits Cdc42 function, observably inhibit TJ formation. These results suggest that Cdc42 and Par6 negatively regulate TJ assembly in mammalian epithelial cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adherens Junctions / metabolism
  • Adherens Junctions / ultrastructure
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Diffusion
  • Dogs
  • Epithelial Cells / cytology*
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Protein Kinase C / metabolism
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Proteins / chemistry
  • Proteins / genetics
  • Proteins / metabolism*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Tight Junctions / metabolism*
  • Time Factors
  • cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Protein Isoforms
  • Proteins
  • protein kinase C zeta
  • Protein Kinase C
  • cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
  • Calcium