Abstract
Many MR contrast agents have been developed and proven effective for extracellular nontargeted applications, but exploitation of intracellular MR contrast agents has been elusive due to the permeability barrier of the plasma membrane. Peptide transduction domains can circumvent this permeability barrier and deliver cargo molecules to the cell interior. Based upon enhanced cellular uptake of permeation peptides with D-amino acid residues, an all-D Tat basic domain peptide was conjugated to DOTA and chelated to gadolinium. Gd-DOTA-D-Tat peptide in serum at room temperature showed a relaxivity of 7.94 +/- 0.11 mM(-1) sec(-1) at 4.7 T. The peptide complex displayed no significant binding to serum proteins, was efficiently internalized by human Jurkat leukemia cells resulting in intracellular T1 relaxation enhancement, and in preliminary T1-weighted MRI experiments, significantly enhanced liver, kidney, and mesenteric signals.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Blood Proteins / metabolism
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Chelating Agents / chemistry
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Contrast Media / chemistry
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Contrast Media / pharmacokinetics
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Gene Products, tat / chemical synthesis*
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Gene Products, tat / metabolism
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Heterocyclic Compounds / chemistry
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Humans
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Jurkat Cells / metabolism
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Kidney / physiology
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Liver / physiology
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods*
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Mesentery / physiology
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred ICR
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Organometallic Compounds / chemical synthesis*
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Organometallic Compounds / chemistry
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Organometallic Compounds / metabolism
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Peptides / chemical synthesis*
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Peptides / metabolism*
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Peptides / pharmacokinetics
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Tissue Distribution
Substances
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Blood Proteins
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Chelating Agents
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Contrast Media
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Gd-DOTA-D-TAT peptide
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Gene Products, tat
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Heterocyclic Compounds
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Organometallic Compounds
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Peptides
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gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate