Nicked beta2-glycoprotein I: a marker of cerebral infarct and a novel role in the negative feedback pathway of extrinsic fibrinolysis

Blood. 2004 May 15;103(10):3766-72. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2712. Epub 2004 Jan 15.

Abstract

BEta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)-GPI) is proteolytically cleaved by plasmin in domain V (nicked beta(2)-GPI), being unable to bind to phospholipids. This cleavage may occur in vivo and elevated plasma levels of nicked beta(2)-GPI were detected in patients with massive plasmin generation and fibrinolysis turnover. In this study, we report higher prevalence of elevated ratio of nicked beta(2)-GPI against total beta(2)-GPI in patients with ischemic stroke (63%) and healthy subjects with lacunar infarct (27%) when compared to healthy subjects with normal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (8%), suggesting that nicked beta(2)-GPI might have a physiologic role beyond that of its parent molecule in patients with thrombosis. Several inhibitors of extrinsic fibrinolysis are known, but a negative feedback regulator has not been yet documented. We demonstrate that nicked beta(2)-GPI binds to Glu-plasminogen with K(D) of 0.37 x 10(-6) M, presumably mediated by the interaction between the fifth domain of nicked beta(2)-GPI and the fifth kringle domain of Glu-plasminogen. Nicked beta(2)-GPI also suppressed plasmin generation up to 70% in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, and fibrin. Intact beta(2)-GPI lacks these properties. These data suggest that beta(2)-GPI/plasmin-nicked beta(2)-GPI controls extrinsic fibrinolysis via a negative feedback pathway loop.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cerebral Infarction / blood
  • Cerebral Infarction / etiology*
  • Feedback, Physiological*
  • Female
  • Fibrinolysin / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Fibrinolysin / metabolism
  • Fibrinolysis*
  • Glycoproteins / blood
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism*
  • Glycoproteins / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Plasminogen / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Thrombosis / blood
  • Thrombosis / etiology
  • beta 2-Glycoprotein I

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Glycoproteins
  • beta 2-Glycoprotein I
  • Plasminogen
  • Fibrinolysin