The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) has convened two Position Development Conferences at which a panel of experts agreed on recommendations for performance and clinical applications of bone density testing. These recommendation were reviewed by the ISCD Board of Directors, and those approved by the board are now official positions of the ISCD. These include (1) indications for bone density testing, (2) reference databases for T-scores, (3) standards for performing central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for diagnosis, (4) interpretation of peripheral bone density results, (5) diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, (6) diagnosis of osteoporosis in men, (7) diagnosis in premenopausal women, (8) diagnosis in children, (9) indications and interpretation for serial bone mass measurement, (10) technical standards for phantom scanning and calibration, (11) technical standards for cross-calibration of DXAsystems, and (12) standards for reporting of bone density results including correct nomenclature and preferred number of decimal digits.