Abstract
Although commonly assessed with unidimensional scales, craving has been suggested to be multifaceted and to have a complex relationship with drug use and relapse. This study assessed the consistency and predictive validity of unidimensional and multidimensional craving scales. At the beginning of a 12-week outpatient treatment trial, opiate users (n = 101) and cocaine users (n = 72) completed unidimensional visual analog scales (VASs) assessing "want," "need," and "craving" and multidimensional 14- and 45-item versions of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) or Heroin Craving Questionnaire (HCQ). Spearman correlations between the VASs and the first-order factors from the 45-item CCQ/HCQ were .20-.40, suggesting that the two types of assessment were not redundant. Treatment dropout and in-treatment drug use were more frequently predicted by scores on the 14- or 45-item CCQ than by VAS ratings. Results suggest that the CCQ/HCQ and the 14-item CCQ provide information that unidimensional VASs do not.
Publication types
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Clinical Trial
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Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Ambulatory Care
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Cocaine / adverse effects*
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Cocaine-Related Disorders / diagnosis
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Cocaine-Related Disorders / epidemiology
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Cocaine-Related Disorders / rehabilitation*
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Female
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Heroin / adverse effects*
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Heroin Dependence / diagnosis
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Heroin Dependence / epidemiology
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Heroin Dependence / rehabilitation*
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Humans
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Motivation*
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Pain Measurement / statistics & numerical data
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Patient Dropouts / psychology
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Patient Dropouts / statistics & numerical data
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Personality Inventory / statistics & numerical data
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Psychometrics / statistics & numerical data
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Recurrence
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Reproducibility of Results
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Self Efficacy
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Statistics as Topic
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Substance Abuse Detection / statistics & numerical data
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Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / diagnosis
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Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / psychology
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Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / rehabilitation*
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Surveys and Questionnaires
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Treatment Refusal / psychology
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Treatment Refusal / statistics & numerical data