The major avenues of clinical research into the treatment of follicular lymphoma, 'more, if so when?', interferon therapy, and antibody therapy, have been presented in the light of present knowledge about the clinical course of the disease. They must be seen within the context of the current philosophical approach to the illness, and the economic climate which prevails, at a time when new drugs, for example fludarabine (Leiby et al, 1987; Reman et al, 1988; Whelan et al, 1991), are showing promise, and differentiating agents are being tested in remission (Cunningham et al, 1985). There can be little doubt that the objective of future research should be to eliminate the disease altogether at the time of initial presentation, since patients entering remission and never having a recurrence have a far greater probability of longevity than those in whom recurrences occur (Lister, 1991). There can also be little doubt that when lymphoma is present and causing symptoms, treatment should be given, since survival is longer for those in whom a response is achieved, at least at presentation, and at first recurrence (Lister, 1991). Since the latter is sadly the reality for the majority, improving treatment at the time of recurrence must also be a priority. Time will tell whether any of the options presently under investigation will be appropriate at all, and if so when. It is certainly the case that some of them will be entirely inappropriate for some patients, because the risk of toxicity will outweigh the potential benefit, especially for the elderly. Further careful identification of prognostic variables may allow for individualization of therapy. It would be comforting to know that the newly found molecular marker of the disease would help us. Its absence may do--but its presence certainly does not, since t(14;18) containing cells may seemingly be present for many years of clinical normality (Price et al, 1991, in press). The challenge to find the right treatment at the right time--or perhaps to identify the 'right patient' for the therapy continues.