The new tumor-suppressor gene inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4) regulates the production of proangiogenic molecules by myeloma cells and suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity: involvement in myeloma-induced angiogenesis

Blood. 2007 Dec 15;110(13):4464-75. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-074617. Epub 2007 Sep 11.

Abstract

Angiogenesis has a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely elucidated. The new tumor-suppressor gene inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4) has been recently implicated in solid tumors as a repressor of angiogenesis. In this study, we found that ING4 expression in MM cells was correlated with the expression of the proangiogenic molecules interleukin-8 (IL-8) and osteopontin (OPN). Moreover, we demonstrate that ING4 suppression in MM cells up-regulated IL-8 and OPN, increasing the hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity and its target gene NIP-3 expression in hypoxic condition. In turn, we show that the inhibition of HIF-1alpha by siRNA suppressed IL-8 and OPN production by MM cells under hypoxia. A direct interaction between ING4 and the HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HPH-2) was also demonstrated. Finally, we show that ING4 suppression in MM cells significantly increased vessel formation in vitro, blunted by blocking IL-8 or OPN. These in vitro observations were confirmed in vivo by finding that MM patients with high IL-8 production and microvascular density (MVD) have significantly lower ING4 levels compared with those with low IL-8 and MVD. Our data indicate that ING4 exerts an inhibitory effect on the production of proangiogenic molecules and consequently on MM-induced angiogenesis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Angiogenic Proteins / biosynthesis*
  • Angiogenic Proteins / genetics
  • Bone Marrow Examination
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / physiology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Homeodomain Proteins / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-8 / genetics
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Myeloma / blood supply
  • Multiple Myeloma / metabolism
  • Multiple Myeloma / pathology*
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic / etiology*
  • Osteopontin / biosynthesis
  • Osteopontin / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / physiology*

Substances

  • Angiogenic Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • ING4 protein, human
  • Interleukin-8
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • Osteopontin