A novel, macrophage migration inhibitory factor suicide substrate inhibits motility and growth of lung cancer cells

Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;68(18):7253-7. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6227.

Abstract

Although chemokine and growth factor receptors are attractive and popular targets for cancer therapeutic intervention, structure-based targeting of the ligands themselves is generally not considered practical. New evidence indicates that a notable exception to this is macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF, an autocrine- and paracrine-acting cytokine/growth factor, plays a pivotal role in both the initiation and maintenance of neoplastic diseases. MIF possesses a nonphysiologic enzymatic activity that is evolutionarily well-conserved. Although small molecule antagonists of MIFs enzymatic active site have been reported to inhibit biological activities of MIF, universally high IC(50)s have limited their clinical appeal. Using a computational virtual screening strategy, we have identified a unique small molecule inhibitor that serves as a suicide substrate for MIF, resulting in the covalent modification of the catalytically active NH(2)-terminal proline. Our studies further reveal that this compound, 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP), is approximately 5x to 10x times more potent in blocking MIF-dependent catalysis and lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and anchorage-independent growth than the prototypical MIF inhibitor, ISO-1. Finally, using an in silico combinatorial optimization strategy, we have identified four unique congeners of 4-IPP that exhibit MIF inhibitory activity at concentrations 10x to 20x lower than that of parental 4-IPP.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy*
  • Adenocarcinoma / enzymology
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology
  • Cell Growth Processes / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / chemistry
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / metabolism
  • Isoxazoles / pharmacology
  • Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Lung Neoplasms / enzymology
  • Lung Neoplasms / pathology
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / chemistry
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology*

Substances

  • 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester
  • 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine
  • Isoxazoles
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors
  • Pyrimidines
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
  • MIF protein, human