Patch tests in children with suspected allergic contact dermatitis: a prospective study and review of the literature

Dermatology. 2009;218(2):119-25. doi: 10.1159/000165629. Epub 2008 Oct 22.

Abstract

Aims: The results of patch testing in children visiting our out-patient clinic with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) were prospectively investigated and compared with those reported in the literature. A review of the literature on patch testing and ACD in children is provided.

Methods: Children were patch tested using the TRUE test, supplemented with tixocortol-17-pivalate, budesonide and 3 commonly used emollients. Supplementary patch tests were undertaken on indication.

Results: Seventy-nine children (31 boys and 48 girls) were patch tested. Of the patients tested, 40 (51%) had 1 or more positive allergic patch test reactions. Twenty-two (55%) of these 40 children suffered from atopic dermatitis, 9 (23%) from hand or foot dermatitis, and 9 (23%) from other skin ailments. Nickel was the most common contact allergen, but many other common and less common allergens were noted to give positive patch tests in patients.

Conclusion: Sensitization to contact allergens may begin in infancy and continue to be more common in toddlers and young children. In recalcitrant atopic dermatitis, especially at the age of 5 years and over, patch tests are indicated. Good information on preventing the development of ACD in children is useful for caregivers.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Allergens* / adverse effects
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / diagnosis*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Netherlands / epidemiology
  • Patch Tests / methods*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies

Substances

  • Allergens