Abstract
New 15-keto-prostaglandins (1-4) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the red alga, Gracilaria verrucosa. Their structures were determined to be prostaglandin B congeners (1-3) and a prostaglandin E congener (4) based on the NMR and MS data. Prostaglandins with a C-15 keto function are rare from natural sources. The presence of these metabolites in the alga is notable because 15-keto-prostaglandins (15-keto-PGs) are considered to be the metabolic products of regular prostaglandins in mammals. The occurrence of different prostaglandins in this alga might be due to the existence of different oxidative enzymes, as previously mentioned for oxygenated fatty acids of the red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The antiinflammatory activity of these prostaglandins was examined by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. These prostaglandins showed weak activity on nitric oxide production.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Alprostadil / analogs & derivatives
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Alprostadil / analysis
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Alprostadil / chemistry
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Alprostadil / isolation & purification
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Alprostadil / pharmacology
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / analysis*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / isolation & purification
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
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Cell Line, Transformed
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Drug Discovery*
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Gracilaria / chemistry*
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Lipopolysaccharides / toxicity
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Macrophage Activation / drug effects
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Macrophages / drug effects
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Macrophages / metabolism
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Mice
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Molecular Structure
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Prostaglandins / analysis*
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Prostaglandins / chemistry*
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Prostaglandins / isolation & purification
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Prostaglandins / pharmacology
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Prostaglandins B / analysis
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Prostaglandins B / chemistry
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Prostaglandins B / isolation & purification
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Prostaglandins B / pharmacology
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Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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Lipopolysaccharides
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Plant Extracts
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Prostaglandins
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Prostaglandins B
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15-ketoprostaglandin E
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Nitric Oxide
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Alprostadil