Hydrogen bonds with high selectivity and directionality are significant in harnessing molecules to form 2D supramolecular nanostructures. The competition and reorganization of hydrogen bond partners determine the ultimate molecular assembly and pattern in a 2D supramolecular system. In this study, multicomponent assemblies of a monodendron (5-benzyloxy-isophthalic acid derivative, BIC) and pyridylethynyl derivatives [1,4-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)-2,3-bis-dodecyloxy-benzene (PBPC12) and 1,4-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)-2,3-bis-octadecyloxy-benzene (PBPC18)] have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a graphite surface. BIC molecules are able to associate with PBPC12 and PBPC18 molecules to induce the rearrangement of hydrogen bond partners and form coassembly structures. Interestingly, BIC acts as a template molecule in the coassembly process, and these multicomponent structures exhibit similar structural features to the assembly structures of BIC itself. The structural details of the coassembled structures are revealed by high-resolution STM images, and their relationship with the original BIC assemblies is discussed. These results provide important insights into the design and fabrication of hydrogen-bond-directed multicomponent molecular nanostructures on solid surfaces.