Platelet-activating factor and metastasis: calcium-independent phospholipase A2β deficiency protects against breast cancer metastasis to the lung

Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 Apr;300(4):C825-32. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2010. Epub 2011 Jan 12.

Abstract

We determined the contribution of calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)β (iPLA(2)β) to lung metastasis development following breast cancer injection into wild-type (WT) and iPLA(2)β-knockout (iPLA(2)β-KO) mice. WT and iPLA(2)β-KO mice were injected in the mammary pad with 200,000 E0771 breast cancer cells. There was no difference in primary tumor size between WT and iPLA(2)β-KO mice at 27 days postinjection. However, we observed an 11-fold greater number of breast cancer cells in the lungs of WT mice compared with iPLA(2)β-KO animals (P < 0.05). Isolated WT lung endothelial cells demonstrated a significant increase in platelet-activating factor (PAF) production when stimulated with thrombin [1 IU/ml, 10 min, 4,330 ± 555 vs. 15,227 ± 1,043 disintegrations per minute (dpm), P < 0.01] or TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 2 h, 16,532 ± 538 dpm, P < 0.01). Adherence of E0771 cells to WT endothelial cells was increased by thrombin (4.8 ± 0.3% vs. 70.9 ± 6.3, P < 0.01) or TNF-α (60.5 ± 4.3, P < 0.01). These responses were blocked by pretreatment with the iPLA(2)β-selective inhibitor (S)-bromoenol lactone and absent in lung endothelial cells from iPLA(2)β-KO mice. These data indicate that endothelial cell iPLA(2)β is responsible for PAF production and adherence of E0771 cells and may play a role in cancer cell migration to distal locations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Female
  • Group IV Phospholipases A2 / deficiency*
  • Group IV Phospholipases A2 / genetics
  • Humans
  • Lung / anatomy & histology
  • Lung / metabolism
  • Lung / pathology
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Lung Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / physiopathology*
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / prevention & control
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Platelet Activating Factor / metabolism*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • Platelet Activating Factor
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Group IV Phospholipases A2