Abstract
Sex hormones modulate proliferation, apoptosis, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer cells influencing tumourigenesis from the early hyperplastic growth till the end-stage metastasis. Although decades of studies have detailed these effects at the level of molecular pathways, where and when these actions are needed for the growth and progression of hormone-dependent neoplasia is poorly elucidated. Investigation of the hormone influences in carcinogenesis in the spatio-temporal dimension is expected to unravel critical steps in tumour progression and in the onset of resistance to hormone therapies. Non-invasive in vivo imaging represents a powerful tool to follow in time hormone signalling in the whole body during tumour development. This review summarizes the tools currently available to follow hormone action in living organisms.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoptosis
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
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Disease Progression
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / physiology
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Genes, Reporter
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones / adverse effects
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones / biosynthesis
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones / physiology*
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones / toxicity
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Luminescent Proteins / analysis
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Luminescent Proteins / genetics
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / chemically induced
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / genetics
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / metabolism
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / pathology
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Mice
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Mice, Transgenic
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Neoplasms, Experimental / blood supply
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Neoplasms, Experimental / metabolism
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Neoplasms, Experimental / physiopathology*
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / blood supply
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / metabolism
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Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / physiopathology*
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / physiopathology
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Receptors, Androgen / genetics
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Receptors, Androgen / physiology
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Receptors, Estrogen / genetics
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Receptors, Estrogen / physiology
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Receptors, Progesterone / genetics
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Receptors, Progesterone / physiology
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / analysis
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
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Signal Transduction
Substances
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Gonadal Steroid Hormones
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Luminescent Proteins
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Receptors, Androgen
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Receptors, Estrogen
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Receptors, Progesterone
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins