Psychometric properties of the Gotland Scale for Depression in Italian psychiatric inpatients and its utility in the prediction of suicide risk

J Affect Disord. 2011 Jul;132(1-2):99-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.003. Epub 2011 Mar 2.

Abstract

Background: Rutz has postulated a "male depressive syndrome" measured by the Gotland Scale of Male Depression (GSMD). The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the GSMD in a sample of male and female psychiatric inpatients.

Methods: The sample was composed of 326 Italian inpatients who completed the GSMD and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS).

Results: Our results indicated that all the items of the GSMD, except item #13, were highly interrelated, and that the first 12 items of the GSMD may be considered a homogeneous measure of depression. Furthermore, GSMD scores did not differ by sex. The GSMD had good convergent validity with the BHS and was useful in categorizing individuals admitted for a suicide attempt committed in the last 48h vs. those who had not.

Limitations: The study was retrospective in nature and did not assess the ability of the GSMD for predicting future suicidal behavior.

Conclusions: The GSMD may be considered to be a valid instrument for measuring non-typical ("suicidality-related") symptoms of depression in both male and female patients.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cross-Cultural Comparison*
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / diagnosis*
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / psychology*
  • Female
  • Hospitalization*
  • Humans
  • Internal-External Control
  • Italien
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Motivation
  • Personality Inventory / statistics & numerical data*
  • Psychometrics / statistics & numerical data
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment / statistics & numerical data
  • Sex Factors
  • Suicidal Ideation
  • Suicide / psychology*
  • Suicide Prevention*
  • Suicide, Attempted / prevention & control
  • Suicide, Attempted / psychology