Novel tumor suppressive function of Smad4 in serum starvation-induced cell death through PAK1-PUMA pathway

Cell Death Dis. 2011 Dec 1;2(12):e235. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2011.116.

Abstract

DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic cancer 4)/Smad4 is an essential factor in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling and is also known as a frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in human pancreatic and colon cancer. However, considering the fact that TGF-β can contribute to cancer progression through transcriptional target genes, such as Snail, MMPs, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, loss of Smad4 in human cancer would be required for obtaining the TGF-β signaling-independent advantage, which should be essential for cancer cell survival. Here, we provide the evidences about novel role of Smad4, serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Elimination of serum can obviously increase the Smad4 expression and induces the cell death by p53-independent PUMA induction. Instead, Smad4-deficient cells show the resistance to serum starvation. Induced Smad4 suppresses the PAK1, which promotes the PUMA destabilization. We also found that Siah-1 and pVHL are involved in PAK1 destabilization and PUMA stabilization. In fact, Smad4-expressed cancer tissues not only show the elevated expression of PAK1, but also support our hypothesis that Smad4 induces PUMA-mediated cell death through PAK1 suppression. Our results strongly suggest that loss of Smad4 renders the resistance to serum-deprivation-induced cell death, which is the TGF-β-independent tumor suppressive role of Smad4.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism*
  • Apoptosis*
  • Cadherins / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Culture Media, Serum-Free
  • Humans
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Smad4 Protein / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Smad4 Protein / metabolism*
  • Smad4 Protein / physiology
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / metabolism
  • p21-Activated Kinases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • BBC3 protein, human
  • Cadherins
  • Culture Media, Serum-Free
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Smad4 Protein
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • seven in absentia proteins
  • p21-Activated Kinases