Functional tooth restoration by allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-based bio-root regeneration in swine

Stem Cells Dev. 2013 Jun 15;22(12):1752-62. doi: 10.1089/scd.2012.0688. Epub 2013 Mar 15.

Abstract

Our previous proof-of-concept study showed the feasibility of regenerating the dental stem cell-based bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) structure in a large animal model. Here, we used allogeneic dental mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate bio-root, and then installed a crown on the bio-root to restore tooth function. A root shape hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate scaffold containing dental pulp stem cells was covered by a Vc-induced periodontal ligament stem cell sheet and implanted into a newly generated jaw bone implant socket. Six months after implantation, a prefabricated porcelain crown was cemented to the implant and subjected to tooth function. Clinical, radiological, histological, ultrastructural, systemic immunological evaluations and mechanical properties were analyzed for dynamic changes in the bio-root structure. The regenerated bio-root exhibited characteristics of a normal tooth after 6 months of use, including dentinal tubule-like and functional periodontal ligament-like structures. No immunological response to the bio-roots was observed. We developed a standard stem cell procedure for bio-root regeneration to restore adult tooth function. This study is the first to successfully regenerate a functional bio-root structure for artificial crown restoration by using allogeneic dental stem cells and Vc-induced cell sheet, and assess the recipient immune response in a preclinical model.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Crowns
  • Dental Pulp / cytology*
  • Dental Pulp / physiology
  • Dental Pulp / transplantation
  • Dentin / physiology
  • Hydroxyapatites / metabolism
  • Materials Testing
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology*
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
  • Periodontal Ligament / cytology*
  • Periodontal Ligament / physiology
  • Periodontal Ligament / transplantation
  • Recovery of Function
  • Regeneration / physiology*
  • Swine
  • Swine, Miniature
  • Tissue Engineering / methods*
  • Tissue Scaffolds
  • Tooth Root / physiology*
  • Tooth Root / surgery
  • Transplantation, Homologous

Substances

  • Hydroxyapatites
  • hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate