Abstract
Elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are detected in pathologies characterized by chronic inflammation. Whether TNF-α plays a role in manipulating the host's immune system toward generating an immunosuppressive milieu, typical of ongoing chronic inflammation, is unclear. Here we showed that TNF-α exhibited a dual function during chronic inflammation: arresting differentiation of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) primarily via the S100A8 and S100A9 inflammatory proteins and their corresponding receptor (RAGE) and augmenting MDSC suppressive activity. These functions led to in vivo T and NK cell dysfunction accompanied by T cell antigen receptor ζ chain downregulation. Furthermore, administration of etanercept (TNF-α antagonist) during early chronic inflammatory stages reduced MDSCs' suppressive activity and enhanced their maturation into dendritic cells and macrophages, resulting in the restoration of in vivo immune functions and recovery of ζ chain expression. Thus, TNF has a fundamental role in promoting an immunosuppressive environment generated during chronic inflammation.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
-
Calgranulin A / genetics
-
Calgranulin A / immunology
-
Calgranulin A / metabolism
-
Calgranulin B / genetics
-
Calgranulin B / immunology
-
Calgranulin B / metabolism
-
Cell Differentiation / drug effects
-
Cell Differentiation / genetics
-
Cell Differentiation / immunology*
-
Cells, Cultured
-
Chronic Disease
-
Etanercept
-
Flow Cytometry
-
Gene Expression / immunology
-
Immunoblotting
-
Immunoglobulin G / pharmacology
-
Inflammation / genetics
-
Inflammation / immunology*
-
Inflammation / metabolism
-
Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
-
Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism
-
Mice
-
Mice, Inbred BALB C
-
Mice, Inbred C57BL
-
Mice, Knockout
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / immunology
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
-
Myeloid Cells / drug effects
-
Myeloid Cells / immunology*
-
Myeloid Cells / metabolism
-
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / genetics
-
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
-
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism
-
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
-
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
-
T-Lymphocytes / immunology
-
T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology*
Substances
-
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
-
Calgranulin A
-
Calgranulin B
-
Immunoglobulin G
-
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
-
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
-
S100A9 protein, mouse
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
-
Mok protein, mouse
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
-
Etanercept