The standardized herbal formula, PM014, ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Sep 5:13:219. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-219.

Abstract

Background: In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PM014 on cigarette smoke induced lung disease in the murine animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 2 weeks to induce COPD-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to cigarette smoke exposure, the treatment group was administered PM014 via an oral injection. To investigate the effects of PM014, we assessed PM014 functions in vivo, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathological changes in the lung. The efficacy of PM014 was compared with that of the recently developed anti-COPD drug, roflumilast.

Results: PM014 substantially inhibited immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) into the airway. In addition, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in the BAL fluid of PM014-treated mice compared to cigarette smoke stimulated mice. These changes were more prominent than roflumilast treated mice. The expression of PAS-positive cells in the bronchial layer was also significantly reduced in both PM014 and roflumilast treated mice.

Conclusions: These data suggest that PM014 exerts strong therapeutic effects against CS induced, COPD-like lung inflammation. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for COPD treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / chemistry
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
  • Chemokine CCL2 / analysis
  • Chemokine CCL2 / metabolism
  • Female
  • Goblet Cells / drug effects
  • Hyperplasia / pathology
  • Interleukin-6 / analysis
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Lung / drug effects
  • Lung / pathology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Nicotiana / adverse effects*
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
  • Plant Extracts / therapeutic use
  • Pneumonia / chemically induced
  • Pneumonia / drug therapy*
  • Pneumonia / metabolism
  • Protective Agents / pharmacology
  • Protective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / metabolism*
  • Smoke / adverse effects*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • Ccl2 protein, mouse
  • Chemokine CCL2
  • Interleukin-6
  • Plant Extracts
  • Protective Agents
  • Smoke
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha