Selective pressure along a latitudinal gradient affects subindividual variation in plants

PLoS One. 2013 Sep 19;8(9):e74356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074356. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

Individual plants produce repeated structures such as leaves, flowers or fruits, which, although belonging to the same genotype, are not phenotypically identical. Such subindividual variation reflects the potential of individual genotypes to vary with micro-environmental conditions. Furthermore, variation in organ traits imposes costs to foraging animals such as time, energy and increased predation risk. Therefore, animals that interact with plants may respond to this variation and affect plant fitness. Thus, phenotypic variation within an individual plant could be, in part, an adaptive trait. Here we investigated this idea and we found that subindividual variation of fruit size of Crataegus monogyna, in different populations throughout the latitudinal gradient in Europe, was explained at some extent by the selective pressures exerted by seed-dispersing birds. These findings support the hypothesis that within-individual variation in plants is an adaptive trait selected by interacting animals which may have important implications for plant evolution.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biodiversity*
  • Biological Evolution
  • Crataegus / physiology
  • Environment*
  • Europa
  • Fruit
  • Geography
  • Phenotype*
  • Plant Physiological Phenomena*
  • Quantitative Trait, Heritable
  • Seeds
  • Selection, Genetic*

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (project CGL2005-03826) and the European Commission (FEDER program). M.S. was the recipient of a María Barbeito fellowship (Galicia regional government, Spain) and a Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza grant. A.R.L. received financial support from the Spanish Research Council (JAEDoc program, partially funded by the European Social Fund) during the preparation of the manuscript. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.