p53-induced miR-15a/16-1 and AP4 form a double-negative feedback loop to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in colorectal cancer

Cancer Res. 2014 Jan 15;74(2):532-42. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2203. Epub 2013 Nov 27.

Abstract

The transcription factor AP4 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer but its control in this setting is not fully understood. Here, we report the definition of a double-negative feedback loop involving AP4 and miR-15a/16-1 that regulates EMT and metastatic progression. In colorectal cancer cells, AP4 was downregulated by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. AP4 downregulation by p53 was mediated indirectly by the tumor-suppressive microRNAs miR-15a and miR-16-1, which targeted the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of AP4 mRNA, induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), and inhibited colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. The downregulation of AP4 was necessary for induction of MET and cell cycle arrest by miR-15a/16-1. In tumor xenoplants, ectopic miR-15a/16-1 suppressed formation of lung metastases. Furthermore, AP4 directly suppressed expression of miR-15a/16-1. In clinical specimens of colorectal cancer, miR-15a levels inversely correlated with AP4 protein levels shown previously to correlate with distant metastasis and poor survival. In summary, our results define a double-negative feedback loop involving miR-15a/16-1 and AP4 that stabilizes epithelial and mesenchymal states, respectively, which may determine metastatic prowess.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 3' Untranslated Regions
  • Animals
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Cell Cycle
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement
  • Colonic Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition*
  • Feedback, Physiological
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, SCID
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism*
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism*

Substances

  • 3' Untranslated Regions
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • MIRN15 microRNA, human
  • MIRN16 microRNA, human
  • MicroRNAs
  • REPIN1 protein, human
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • TP53 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53