Two Natural ent-kauranoids as Novel Wnt Signaling Inhibitors

Constitutively active Wnt signaling frequently occurs in most colon cancers. Therefore, inhibitors of Wnt signaling pathway could provide rational therapeutic effects for colorectal malignancy. Within this paper, we identified two inhibitors of Wnt signaling pathway, rabdoternin B and maoecrystal I from a natural ent-kauranoid library by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The two compounds inhibited Wnt signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward a number of colon carcinoma cell lines SW480, HCT116, and HT29, with only weak cytotoxicity towards the normal colonic epithelial cell line CCD-841-CoN. Rabdoternin B and maoecrystal I treatment induced G2/M phase arrest efficiently in SW480 cells as revealed by flow cytometry analysis. A further study found that maoecrystal I decreased the expression of Wnt signaling target genes, including c-myc, cyclin D1, survivin and Axin2 in colon cancer cells. Collectively our data suggests that rabdoternin B and maoecrystal I are novel inhibitors of canonical Wnt signaling pathway and may possess potentials for colon cancer therapy.