Biophysical induction of vascular smooth muscle cell podosomes

PLoS One. 2015 Mar 18;10(3):e0119008. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119008. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and matrix degradation occurs with intimal hyperplasia associated with atherosclerosis, vascular injury, and restenosis. One proposed mechanism by which VSMCs degrade matrix is through the use of podosomes, transient actin-based structures that are thought to play a role in extracellular matrix degradation by creating localized sites of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion. To date, podosomes in VSMCs have largely been studied by stimulating cells with phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), however little is known about the physiological cues that drive podosome formation. We present the first evidence that physiological, physical stimuli mimicking cues present within the microenvironment of diseased arteries can induce podosome formation in VSMCs. Both microtopographical cues and imposed pressure mimicking stage II hypertension induce podosome formation in A7R5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Moreover, wounding using a scratch assay induces podosomes at the leading edge of VSMCs. Notably the effect of each of these biophysical stimuli on podosome stimulation can be inhibited using a Src inhibitor. Together, these data indicate that physical cues can induce podosome formation in VSMCs.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Actins / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Biophysical Phenomena / physiology
  • Cell Line
  • Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / cytology*
  • Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Podosomes / physiology*
  • Rats
  • src-Family Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • Actins
  • src-Family Kinases

Grants and funding

This work was funded by a grant from the Presidential Council of Cornell Women and an National Science Career Award (Award number 1055502) to CAR and National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowships to BNM, SPC and JCK. The Cornell NanoScale Facility is supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ECCS-0335765. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.