The effects of smoking on the mood, cardiovascular and adrenergic reactivity of heavy and light smokers in a non-stressful environment

Biol Psychol. 1989 Dec;29(3):273-89. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(89)90023-9.

Abstract

Following a period of overnight deprivation, 58 smokers participated in a 90-min laboratory assessment in which they viewed a non-stressful movie and smoked two 0.5-mg nicotine-containing cigarettes. The first cigarette was given to all subjects following 25 min of adaptation and baseline. The next cigarette was provided at their request, which occurred 9-12 min later. "Heavy" and "light" smokers were grouped according to their average morning cotinine values, which fell above or below 250 ng/ml, respectively. The results showed that, relative to their baseline, heavy and light smokers experienced about the same level of post-smoking change in blood nicotine, heart rate and blood pressure. However, heavy smokers showed a significantly greater delta from baseline in post-smoking measures of epinephrine, norepinephrine, tension reduction and increase in vigor enhancement. A strong and consistent correlation was observed between post-smoking increases in epinephrine, tension reduction and increased vigor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Affect / drug effects*
  • Arousal / drug effects*
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Cotinine / blood
  • Epinephrine / blood*
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nicotine / pharmacokinetics*
  • Norepinephrine / blood*
  • Smoking / blood
  • Smoking / psychology*
  • Social Environment*

Substances

  • Nicotine
  • Cotinine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine