Safety of vemurafenib in patients with BRAF V600 mutated metastatic melanoma: the Spanish experience

Clin Transl Oncol. 2016 Nov;18(11):1147-1157. doi: 10.1007/s12094-016-1498-9. Epub 2016 Mar 17.

Abstract

Objectives: Vemurafenib tolerability was assessed in a large, open-label, multicentre study in patients with BRAF V600 mutated advanced melanoma. We investigated safety, tolerability and efficacy of vemurafenib in Spanish patients participating in that study.

Methods: Patients with previously treated or treatment-naive, unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV, BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma received vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent or death. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results: 301 Spanish patients were included, 70 % with M1c disease, 22 % with brain metastases and 51 % with prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease. Most frequent adverse events included fatigue (48 %), arthralgia (45 %), rash (41 %), photosensitivity (34 %) and skin neoplasms (21 %). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 156 patients (52 %), including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (including keratoacanthoma; 16 %), fatigue (6 %) and arthralgia (5 %). The ORR was 28 % (95 % CI 23-34 %). Responses occurred in patients with brain metastases (18 %), elevated baseline lactate dehydrogenase (19 %) and poor performance status (15 %), and elderly patients (22 %). Median PFS was 5.8 (95 % CI 5.0-6.4) months; median OS was 10.5 (95 % CI 9.5-13.5) months.

Conclusion: Our results for Spanish patients in the vemurafenib safety study indicate similar efficacy and a comparable safety profile in Spanish patients with no new safety signals compared with the overall population. Clinical benefit was demonstrated in poor-prognosis patients and in those with favourable baseline characteristics, suggesting that poor-prognosis patients may also benefit from vemurafenib treatment.

Keywords: Melanoma; Safety study; Spain; Vemurafenib.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Indoles / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Melanoma / drug therapy*
  • Melanoma / genetics
  • Melanoma / secondary
  • Middle Aged
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics*
  • Skin Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Skin Neoplasms / genetics
  • Spanien
  • Sulfonamides / therapeutic use*
  • Vemurafenib
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Indoles
  • Sulfonamides
  • Vemurafenib
  • BRAF protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf