A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa

PLoS One. 2016 May 25;11(5):e0155046. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155046. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

While Phoenician culture and trade networks had a significant impact on Western civilizations, we know little about the Phoenicians themselves. In 1994, a Punic burial crypt was discovered on Byrsa Hill, near the entry to the National Museum of Carthage in Tunisia. Inside this crypt were the remains of a young man along with a range of burial goods, all dating to the late 6th century BCE. Here we describe the complete mitochondrial genome recovered from the Young Man of Byrsa and identify that he carried a rare European haplogroup, likely linking his maternal ancestry to Phoenician influenced locations somewhere on the North Mediterranean coast, the islands of the Mediterranean or the Iberian Peninsula. This result not only provides the first direct ancient DNA evidence of a Phoenician individual but the earliest evidence of a European mitochondrial haplogroup, U5b2c1, in North Africa.

Publication types

  • Historical Article

MeSH terms

  • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics*
  • Haplotypes*
  • History, Ancient
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Tunesien
  • White People / genetics*

Substances

  • DNA, Mitochondrial

Grants and funding

Funding was provided by the Department of Anatomy, University of Otago. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.