The central vein sign and its clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative

Affiliations

• ¹ Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1400, Building 10 Room 5C103, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
• ² St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
• ⁵ Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, UK.
• ⁶ Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁹ Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy.
• ¹¹ Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA.
• ¹² Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
• ¹⁴ Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ¹⁶ Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
• ¹⁸ Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
• ¹⁹ Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA.
• ²⁰ Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ²¹ Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.