Bacterial pathogens and microbiome alterations can contribute to the initiation and propagation of mucosal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this article, the authors review the clinical and research implications of key pathogens, discuss the role of the microbiome, and connect bacteria to mechanisms of mucosal immunity relevant in CRS.
Keywords: Bacteria; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Culture-independent microbiology; Microbiome; Sinusitis.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.