Epilepsy surgery in drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated with neuronal antibodies

Epilepsy Res. 2017 Jan:129:101-105. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.12.010. Epub 2016 Dec 15.

Abstract

We assessed the outcome of patients with drug resistant epilepsy and neuronal antibodies who underwent epilepsy surgery. Retrospective study, information collected with a questionnaire sent to epilepsy surgery centers. Thirteen patients identified, with antibodies to GAD (8), Ma2 (2), Hu (1), LGI1 (1) or CASPR2 (1). Mean age at seizure onset: 23 years. Five patients had an encephalitic phase. Three had testicular tumors and five had autoimmune diseases. All had drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (median: 20 seizures/month). MRI showed unilateral temporal lobe abnormalities (mainly hippocampal sclerosis) in 9 patients, bilateral abnormalities in 3, and was normal in 1. Surgical procedures included anteromesial temporal lobectomy (10 patients), selective amygdalohippocampectomy (1), temporal pole resection (1) and radiofrequency ablation of mesial structures (1). Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in 7/12 patients. One year outcome available in all patients, at 3 years in 9. At last visit 5/13 patients (38.5%) (with Ma2, Hu, LGI1, and 2 GAD antibodies) were in Engel's classes I or II. Epilepsy surgery may be an option for patients with drug resistant seizures associated with neuronal antibodies. Outcome seems to be worse than that expected in other etiologies, even in the presence of unilateral HS. Intracranial EEG may be required in some patients.

Keywords: GAD; Hippocampal sclerosis; LGI1; Ma2; Temporal lobectomy.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Autoantibodies / blood*
  • Autoantibodies / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain / immunology
  • Brain / pathology
  • Brain / surgery
  • Child
  • Drug Resistant Epilepsy / complications
  • Drug Resistant Epilepsy / diagnostic imaging
  • Drug Resistant Epilepsy / immunology*
  • Drug Resistant Epilepsy / surgery*
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / complications
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / diagnostic imaging
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / immunology*
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / surgery*
  • Europa
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vereinigte Staaten
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Biomarkers