Microbiome Remodeling via the Montmorillonite Adsorption-Excretion Axis Prevents Obesity-related Metabolic Disorders

EBioMedicine. 2017 Feb:16:251-261. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.019. Epub 2017 Jan 18.

Abstract

Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are closely correlated with gut dysbiosis. Montmorillonite is a common medicine used to treat diarrhea. We have previously found that dietary lipid adsorbent-montmorillonite (DLA-M) has an unexpected role in preventing obesity. The aim of this study was to further investigate whether DLA-M regulates intestinal absorption and gut microbiota to prevent obesity-related metabolic disorders. Here, we show that DLA-M absorbs free fatty acids (FFA) and endotoxins in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the combination of fluorescent tracer technique and polarized light microscopy showed that DLA-M crystals immobilized BODIPY® FL C16 and FITC-LPS, respectively, in the digestive tract in situ. HFD-fed mice treated with DLA-M showed mild changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, particularly increases in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing Blautia bacteria and decreases in endotoxin-producing Desulfovibrio bacteria, these changes were positively correlated with obesity and inflammation. Our results indicated that DLA-M immobilizes FFA and endotoxins in the digestive tract via the adsorption-excretion axis and DLA-M may potentially be used as a prebiotic to prevent intestinal dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic disorders in obese individuals.

Keywords: Endotoxins; Free fatty acids; Gut microbiota; Metabolic disorders; Montmorillonite; Obesity.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antidotes / pharmacology
  • Bentonite / pharmacology*
  • Blotting, Western
  • CD36 Antigens / genetics
  • CD36 Antigens / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Diet, High-Fat / adverse effects
  • Endotoxins / metabolism
  • Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Fatty Acids / metabolism
  • Fatty Liver / physiopathology
  • Fatty Liver / prevention & control
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / drug effects
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / pathology
  • Gene Expression
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Inflammation / prevention & control
  • Intestinal Absorption / drug effects*
  • Male
  • Metabolic Diseases / physiopathology
  • Metabolic Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Microbiota / drug effects*
  • Microbiota / physiology
  • Obesity / etiology
  • Obesity / physiopathology
  • Obesity / prevention & control*
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Substances

  • Antidotes
  • CD36 Antigens
  • Endotoxins
  • Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
  • Fatty Acids
  • Bentonite