Radioactive Iodine-131 as a Definitive Treatment in Rare Association of Down Syndrome With Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Down syndrome characterized by trisomy of chromosome 21 is frequently associated with thyroid dysfunctions due to underlying autoimmune disorders. Hypothyroidism is the commonest thyroid dysfunction and hyperthyroidism, usually Graves' disease, is far less common. On literature review, we came across approximately 112 cases reported so far with the first such case report in 1946. The published data from India on hyperthyroidism in Down syndrome is of three case reports. We report one such patient, an adult male of 28 years who was administered Iodine-131 as a definitive treatment after 9-10 years of initial diagnosis.