Mortality Risk Prediction in Scleroderma-Related Interstitial Lung Disease: The SADL Model

Chest. 2017 Nov;152(5):999-1007. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.06.009. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

Abstract

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with scleroderma (Scl). Risk prediction and prognostication in patients with Scl-ILD are challenging because of heterogeneity in the disease course.

Methods: We aimed to develop a clinical mortality risk prediction model for Scl-ILD. Patients with Scl-ILD were identified from two ongoing longitudinal cohorts: 135 patients at the University of California, San Francisco (derivation cohort) and 90 patients at the Mayo Clinic (validation cohort). Using these two separate cohorts, a mortality risk prediction model was developed and validated by testing every potential candidate Cox model, each including three or four variables of a possible 19 clinical predictors, for time to death. Model discrimination was assessed using the C-index.

Results: Three variables were included in the final risk prediction model (SADL): ever smoking history, age, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (% predicted). This continuous model had similar performance in the derivation (C-index, 0.88) and validation (C-index, 0.84) cohorts. We created a point scoring system using the combined cohort (C-index, 0.82) and used it to identify a classification with low, moderate, and high mortality risk at 3 years.

Conclusions: The SADL model uses simple, readily accessible clinical variables to predict all-cause mortality in Scl-ILD.

Keywords: interstitial lung disease; prognosis; risk prediction; systemic sclerosis.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cause of Death / trends
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / diagnosis
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / etiology
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / mortality*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment / methods*
  • Risk Factors
  • Scleroderma, Systemic / complications*
  • Scleroderma, Systemic / diagnosis
  • Scleroderma, Systemic / mortality
  • Survival Rate / trends
  • Time Factors
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • United States / epidemiology