An unusual case of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection with pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and neurological sequelae

BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Jun 18:2017:bcr2016218586. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218586.

Abstract

A 75-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fresh rectal bleeding. Significantly, he had no risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. An abdominal CT demonstrated colonic thickening, and flexible sigmoidoscopy identified pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions. After initial treatment as C. difficile colitis, a stool sample revealed Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. Antibiotic therapy was stopped due to the risk of lysis-mediated toxin release, but unfortunately, the patient continued to deteriorate. He developed several of the severe sequelae of E. coli O157:H7 infection, including haemolytic-uraemic syndrome with an acute kidney injury necessitating haemofiltration, plus progressively severe seizures requiring escalating antiepileptic treatment and intubation for airway protection. After a prolonged intensive care admission and subsequent recovery on the ward, our patient was discharged alive.

Keywords: acute renal failure; endoscopy; epilepsy and seizures; infection (gastroenterology).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Pain / diagnostic imaging
  • Abdominal Pain / etiology
  • Acute Kidney Injury / etiology
  • Acute Kidney Injury / microbiology*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / therapy
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Critical Care
  • Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / etiology
  • Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / microbiology*
  • Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / therapy
  • Escherichia coli Infections / complications
  • Escherichia coli Infections / drug therapy*
  • Escherichia coli O157 / isolation & purification*
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / pathology*
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / diagnostic imaging
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / microbiology*
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / therapy
  • Humans
  • Levetiracetam
  • Male
  • Piracetam / analogs & derivatives
  • Piracetam / therapeutic use
  • Renal Replacement Therapy
  • Sigmoidoscopy
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Valproic Acid / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Levetiracetam
  • Valproic Acid
  • Piracetam