Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Imaging Insights, Clinical Outcomes and Surgical Principles

Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Nov-Dec;60(3):351-360. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Abstract

Functional mitral regurgitation (MR; FMR) is the most common type of MR and its development is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Leaflet tethering with apical shift of the papillary muscle due to adverse left ventricular remodeling and loss of normal leaflet coaptation is the principal mechanism of FMR. Echocardiography plays a central role in the assessment of the FMR. The development of 3D echocardiography has allowed for assessment of the geometric changes of mitral valve morphology and spatial relationship with the left ventricle that accompanies FMR. 2D/3D echocardiographic findings, clinical outcomes of FMR are reviewed and role of surgical intervention is discussed.

Keywords: Echocardiography; Functional mitral regurgitation; Mitral valve; Surgery.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional*
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / adverse effects
  • Hemodynamics*
  • Humans
  • Mitral Valve Annuloplasty* / adverse effects
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency* / diagnostic imaging
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency* / physiopathology
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency* / surgery
  • Mitral Valve* / diagnostic imaging
  • Mitral Valve* / physiopathology
  • Mitral Valve* / surgery
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Recovery of Function
  • Treatment Outcome