Reciprocal Signaling between Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Differentiated Tumor Cells Promotes Malignant Progression

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ² Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ³ Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁴ Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.
• ⁵ Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁸ Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
• ⁹ Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
• ¹¹ Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].