Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives of Indoline as Highly Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents

J Med Chem. 2018 May 10;61(9):4004-4019. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00001. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Abstract

We describe the preparation and evaluation of novel indoline derivatives with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of pathological conditions associated with chronic inflammation. The indolines are substituted at position 1 with chains carrying amino, ester, amide, or alcohol groups, and some have additional substituents, Cl, MeO, Me, F, HO, or BnO, on the benzo ring. Concentrations of 1 pM to 1 nM of several compounds protected RAW264.7 macrophages against H2O2 induced cytotoxicity and LPS induced elevation of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. Several derivatives had anti-inflammatory activity at 1/100th of the concentration of unsubstituted indoline. Four compounds with ester, amine, amide, or alcohol side chains injected subcutaneously in mice at a dose of 1 μmol/kg or less, like dexamethasone (5.6 μmol/kg) prevented LPS-induced cytokine elevation in the brain and peripheral tissues. Subcutaneous injection of 100 μmol/kg of these compounds caused no noticeable adverse effects in mice during 3 days of observation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemical synthesis*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology*
  • Antioxidants / chemical synthesis*
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology*
  • Brain / drug effects
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / toxicity
  • Indoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Indoles / chemistry
  • Indoles / pharmacology*
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Antioxidants
  • Indoles
  • Interleukin-6
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Nitric Oxide
  • indoline
  • Hydrogen Peroxide