(S)-crizotinib reduces gastric cancer growth through oxidative DNA damage and triggers pro-survival akt signal

Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 31;9(6):660. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0667-x.

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC), a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide, has poor prognosis and frequent recurrence. There is a great need to identify effective therapy for GC. Crizotinib is a multi-targeted, clinically available oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for lung cancer, but its use for the highly heterogeneous disease of GC is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer mechanisms of the (S)-crizotinib in inhibiting GC growth. Human GC cell lines (SGC-7901 and BGC-823) and the (S)-crizotinib-resistant BGC-823/R were cultured for determining the effects of (S)-crizotinib on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidant generation, and cell cycle progression. Involvement of ROS, Akt signaling, MTH1, and DNA damage was tested with respective pharmacological blockade. The in vivo anti-tumor effects of (S)-crizotinib were determined using xenograft tumor mice. Results indicated that (S)-crizotinib decreased GC cell viability, induced growth arrest and apoptosis, and increased levels of γH2AX and Ser1981-phosphorylated ATM, which were inhibited by NAC. The anti-cancer mechanism of (S)-crizotinib was independent of MTH1. Moreover, ATM-activated Akt, a pro-survival signal, whose inhibition further enhanced (S)-crizotinib-induced inhibition of GC cell growth and tumor growth in xenograft mice, and re-sensitized resistant GC cells to (S)-crizotinib. (S)-crizotinib reduced GC cell and tumor growth through oxidative DNA damage mechanism and triggered pro-survival Akt signaling. We conclude that inclusion of Akt inhibition (to block the survival signaling) with (S)-crizotinib may provide an effective and novel combination therapy for GC in the clinical setting.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Crizotinib / pharmacology*
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA Repair Enzymes / metabolism
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / drug effects
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Female
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / metabolism
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects*
  • Stomach Neoplasms / pathology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring
  • MK 2206
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Crizotinib
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
  • 8-oxodGTPase
  • DNA Repair Enzymes