There is a diverse population of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in the lungs, comprised of macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes. The existence of these various cell types suggests that there is a clear division of labor and delicate balance between the MPs under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Here we describe how to identify pulmonary MPs using flow cytometry and how to isolate them via cell sorting. In steady-state conditions, murine lungs contain a uniform population of alveolar macrophages (AMs), three distinct interstitial macrophage (IM) populations, three DC subtypes, and a small number of tissue-trafficking monocytes. During an inflammatory response, the monocyte population is more abundant and complex since it acquires either macrophage-like or DC-like features. All in all, studying how these cell types interact with each other, structural cells, and other leukocytes within the environment will be important to understanding their role in maintaining homeostasis and during the development of disease.
Keywords: Dendritic cell; Flow cytometry; Interstitial; Lung; Macrophage; Monocyte; Mononuclear phagocyte; Pulmonary.