Chimeric Antigen Receptor Library Screening Using a Novel NF-κB/NFAT Reporter Cell Platform

Mol Ther. 2019 Feb 6;27(2):287-299. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.015. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is under intense preclinical and clinical investigation, and it involves a rapidly increasing portfolio of novel target antigens and CAR designs. We established a platform that enables rapid and high-throughput CAR-screening campaigns with reporter cells derived from the T cell lymphoma line Jurkat. Reporter cells were equipped with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) reporter genes that generate a duplex output of enhanced CFP (ECFP) and EGFP, respectively. As a proof of concept, we modified reporter cells with CD19-specific and ROR1-specific CARs, and we detected high-level reporter signals that allowed distinguishing functional from non-functional CAR constructs. The reporter data were highly reproducible, and the time required for completing each testing campaign was substantially shorter with reporter cells (6 days) compared to primary CAR-T cells (21 days). We challenged the reporter platform to a large-scale screening campaign on a ROR1-CAR library, and we showed that reporter cells retrieved a functional CAR variant that was present with a frequency of only 6 in 1.05 × 106. The data illustrate the potential to implement this reporter platform into the preclinical development path of novel CAR-T cell products and to inform and accelerate the selection of lead CAR candidates for clinical translation.

Keywords: NF-κB/NFAT reporter cells; ROR1; cancer immunotherapy; chimeric antigen receptor; library screening.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Gene Library*
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy / methods
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Mice
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism*
  • NFATC Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Neoplasms / therapy
  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors / metabolism
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / metabolism*

Substances

  • NF-kappa B
  • NFATC Transcription Factors
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
  • enhanced cyan fluorescent protein
  • enhanced green fluorescent protein
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • ROR1 protein, human
  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors