Background: Nutritional risk index (NRI) has been shown to better predict survival than body mass index (BMI) or albumin after several cardiovascular interventions. Under assessment herein is whether NRI can have higher predictive value than conventional parameters for short-term survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed. In-hospital, 1-month and 3-month survival was evaluated. Since most patients undergoing TAVR are over 65, the NRI definition for a geriatric population (GNRI) was used. The impact of baseline BMI, albumin levels, and GNRI on in-hospital and short-term survival was assessed.
Results: One hundred fifty two patients aged 82 ± 5.4 were included. In-hospital, 1-month, and 3-month mortality was 5.3%, 5.9%, and 9.2%, respectively. Mean GNRI was 112.7 ± 11.9, and was significantly lower in patients who died in-hospital (101.0 ± 8.8 vs. 113.3 ± 11.7), at 30 days (103.4 ± 10.9 vs. 113.3 ± 11.7), and at 90 days (104.0 ± 9.6 vs. 113.6 ± 11.8) than in survivors (all, p < 0.05). Three-month mortality in patients with no nutritional risk was 6.8% (9/132) vs. 25% (5/20) in patients with malnutrition (p = 0.022). In univariate analysis, GNRI predicted in-hospital, 30-day, and 90-day mortality (all, p < 0.05). Predictive value remained significant after adjusting for age, EuroSCORE II, and STS-Score (p < 0.05). Based on receiver operating curves, GNRI (AUC: 0.73) showed a better discrimination for 3-month mortality than albumin (0.69), weight (0.67) or BMI (0.62). The optimal cut-off value was 109.8.
Conclusions: The geriatric nutritional risk index predicts short-term mortality after TAVR and has a higher discriminating ability than other commonly used nutritional variables. It is a simple parameter that identifies those patients who could benefit from pre-procedural nutritional therapy.
Keywords: aortic valve stenosis; body mass index; hypoalbuminemia; transcatheter aortic valve replacement.