Organic Microcontaminants in Tomato Crops Irrigated with Reclaimed Water Grown under Field Conditions: Occurrence, Uptake, and Health Risk Assessment

J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jun 26;67(25):6930-6939. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01656. Epub 2019 Jun 12.

Abstract

In many regions, reuse of reclaimed water (RW) is a necessity for irrigation. The presence of organic microcontaminants (OMCs) in RW and their translocation to plants may represent a risk of human exposure. Nevertheless, information available about real field crops is scarce and focused on a limited number of compounds. The novelty of this work relies on the application of a wider-scope analytical approach based on a multianalyte target analysis (60 compounds) and a suspect screening (>1300 compounds). This methodology was applied to real field-grown tomato crops irrigated with RW. The study revealed the presence of 17 OMCs in leaves (0.04-32 ng g-1) and 8 in fruits (0.01-1.1 ng g-1), 5 of them not reported before in real field samples. A health-risk assessment, based on the toxicological threshold concern (TTC) concept, showed that RW irrigation applied under the conditions given does not pose any threat to humans.

Keywords: LC-MS target/suspect analysis; health risk assessment; organic microcontaminants; plant uptake; reclaimed water reuse.

MeSH terms

  • Agricultural Irrigation
  • Biological Transport
  • Fruit / chemistry*
  • Fruit / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Plant Leaves / chemistry
  • Plant Leaves / metabolism
  • Risk Assessment
  • Solanum lycopersicum / chemistry
  • Solanum lycopersicum / metabolism*
  • Wastewater / analysis*
  • Water / chemistry
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / metabolism

Substances

  • Waste Water
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Water