Renoprotective effects of voluntary running exercise training on aldosterone-induced renal injury in human L-FABP chromosomal transgenic mice

Tubulointerstitial damage is a crucial therapeutic target in preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Inappropriately activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the tubulointerstitial area is strongly associated with tubulointerstitial damage progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is a beneficial effect of voluntary running exercise training on aldosterone-induced renal injury. Human L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) chromosomal transgenic (L-FABP^+/-) male mice were used to evaluate the effect of exercise by using urinary L-FABP, a tubular marker. The mice were assigned to either the exercise group that performed voluntary running exercise training using a running wheel or the control group. Subsequently, two groups were injected with aldosterone (0.125 μg kg^-1 min^-1) and administered 1% NaCl water, and two groups were administered aldosterone only in solvent 4 weeks after initiating the exercise. Aldosterone was injected for another 4 weeks, and NaCl water was administered from 5 weeks after starting the exercise until 8 weeks. Although both aldosterone and NaCl water significantly decreased the running distance, tubulointerstitial damage involving interstitial infiltration of macrophages and fibrosis and the elevation of urinary human L-FABP induced by aldosterone injection was prevented by voluntary running exercise training. Urinary human L-FABP levels were significantly correlated with the degree of tubulointerstitial damage. In conclusion, voluntary running exercise training delayed tubulointerstitial damage progression in the aldosterone-induced renal injury model and therefore may be a promising nonpharmacological strategy in CKD.