Efficacy of a strict surveillance policy towards inappropriateness of plasma transfusion

Background: Plasma transfusion is not without risks. Despite a limited spectrum of indications, plasma is frequently used as prophylaxis in non-bleeding patients, to correct altered coagulation tests. A high rate of inappropriate use of plasma transfusion is frequently reported, as well as underdosage.

Study design and methods: Since 2010 we started an education program that occurred in several phases to disseminate the knowledge of plasma transfusion guidelines. Since 2014 a 'zero tolerance' policy was applied: except for massive bleedings, plasma requests were prospectively evaluated, rejecting those without an appropriate indication. When indicated, at least 10 mL/Kg b.w.were issued. The previous five year period (2005-2009) served as control.

Results: The number of patients transfused/year decreased by 67.6% vs the control period (149 vs 460), and the liters of plasma issued/year decreased by 70.4% (233 vs 795). The deepest fall was observed in acute care wards (-70.8%). The mean volume transfused per episode raised from 731 mL ± 70 to 879 mL ± 154. The Prothrombin Time ratio at the moment of transfusion request increased from a mean of 1.35 (Interquartile range 1.20-2.64) in the control period to 1.62 (Interquartile range 1.43-1.98) in the last period (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: With a proactive educational approach a remarkable reduction of plasma order and administration has been obtained, without any consequence on morbidity and mortality and with an estimated saving since 2014 of 750,000 €. A 'zero tolerance' policy can be effectively implemented only with a thorough workup with the local physicians, including repeated rounds of information and refreshing of the updated transfusion practice and knowledge of the established guidelines over the time.