The influence that different urban development models has on PM2.5 elemental and bioaccessible profiles

Gabriela Polezer; Andrea Oliveira; Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak; Ana F L Godoi; Rodrigo A F de Souza; Carlos I Yamamoto; Rita V Andreoli; Adan S Medeiros; Cristine M D Machado; Erickson O Dos Santos; Paulo A de André; Theotonio Pauliquevis; Paulo H N Saldiva; Scot T Martin; Ricardo H M Godoi

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51340-4

The influence that different urban development models has on PM_2.5 elemental and bioaccessible profiles

Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 16;9(1):14846. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51340-4.

Authors

Gabriela Polezer¹, Andrea Oliveira², Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak^{3

4}, Ana F L Godoi¹, Rodrigo A F de Souza⁵, Carlos I Yamamoto⁶, Rita V Andreoli⁵, Adan S Medeiros^{5

7}, Cristine M D Machado⁸, Erickson O Dos Santos⁸, Paulo A de André⁹, Theotonio Pauliquevis¹⁰, Paulo H N Saldiva⁹, Scot T Martin¹¹, Ricardo H M Godoi¹²

Affiliations

¹ Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
² Chemistry Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
³ Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom. [email protected].
⁴ Molecular Science Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [email protected].
⁵ Amazonas State University, Superior School of Technology, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
⁶ Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
⁷ Postgraduate Program in Climate and Environment (CLIAMB, INPA/UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
⁹ Department of Pathology, LPAE (Air Pollution Lab), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁰ Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.
¹¹ School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
¹² Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [email protected].

Abstract

Limited studies have reported on in-vitro analysis of PM_2.5 but as far as the authors are aware, bioaccessibility of PM_2.5 in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) has not been linked to urban development models before. The Brazilian cities Manaus (Amazon) and Curitiba (South region) have different geographical locations, climates, and urban development strategies. Manaus drives its industrialization using the free trade zone policy and Curitiba adopted a services centered economy driven by sustainability. Therefore, these two cities were used to illustrate the influence that these different models have on PM_2.5 in vitro profile. We compared PM_2.5 mass concentrations and the average total elemental and bioaccessible profiles for Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb. The total average elemental concentrations followed Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr in Manaus and Pb > Mn > Cu > Cr in Curitiba. Mn had the lowest solubility while Cu showed the highest bioaccessibility (100%) and was significantly higher in Curitiba than Manaus. Cr and Pb had higher bioaccessibility in Manaus than Curitiba. Despite similar mass concentrations, the public health risk in Manaus was higher than in Curitiba indicating that the free trade zone had a profound effect on the emission levels and sources of airborne PM. These findings illustrate the importance of adopting sustainable air quality strategies in urban planning.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants / analysis*
Air Pollution / analysis*
Brasilien
Cities
Environmental Monitoring*
Industrial Development
Inhalation Exposure
Metals, Heavy / analysis*
Particulate Matter / analysis*
Risk Assessment
Urban Renewal*

Substances

Air Pollutants
Metals, Heavy
Particulate Matter