Risk factors for protein-caloric inadequacy in patients in an intensive care unit

Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2019 Oct-Dec;31(4):504-510. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20190067.
[Article in Portuguese, English]

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for protein-caloric inadequacy in critically ill patients.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized in an adult intensive care unit between February and November 2017. Patients were followed for 7 days. The conditional probability of inadequacy was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the 95% log-rank test. To assess the risk of inadequacy, crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox regression with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: Of the 130 patients, 63.8% were male, 73.8% were <60 years of age, and 49.2% were diagnosed with trauma. The mean APACHE II score was 24 points, and 70.0% of the patients had a protein-caloric adequacy >80%. In the univariate analysis, the significant variables for inadequacy were use of vasoactive drugs, interruptions of diet and failure to initiate nutrition early. In the final model, patients who presented with vomiting/gastric residue (adjusted HR = 22.5; 95%CI 5.14 - 98.87) and fasting for extubation (adjusted HR = 14.75; 95%CI 3.59 - 60.63) and for examinations and interventions (adjusted HR = 12.46; 95%CI 4.52 - 34.36) had a higher risk of not achieving protein-caloric adequacy.

Conclusion: Achievement of nutritional goals > 80.0% occurred in 70.0% of patients. The risk factors for protein-caloric inadequacy were nutritional interruptions, especially due to vomiting/gastric residue and fasting for extubation, exams and surgical procedures.

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco para inadequação proteico-calórica no paciente grave.

Métodos: Coorte prospectiva com pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto, entre fevereiro e novembro de 2017. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 7 dias. Foi calculada a probabilidade condicional de falha na adequação, usando o método de Kaplan-Meier e teste log-rank 95%. Para avaliar o risco de falha, foram calculadas as hazard ratio (HR) bruta e ajustada, usando a regressão de Cox, com intervalo de confiança de 95%.

Resultados: Dos 130 pacientes, 63,8% eram do sexo masculino, 73,8% tinham idade < 60 anos e 49,2% apresentaram diagnóstico de trauma. O APACHE II médio foi de 24 pontos e 70,0% dos pacientes tiveram adequação proteico-calórica >80%. Na análise univariada, as variáveis significativas para a falha na adequação foram o uso de droga vasoativa, interrupções da dieta e não ter iniciado a nutrição precoce. No modelo final, pacientes que apresentaram vômito/resíduo gástrico (HR ajustada = 22,5; IC95% 5,14 - 98,87), jejum para extubação (HR ajustada = 14,75; IC95% 3,59 - 60,63) e para exames e intervenções (HR ajustada = 12,46; IC95% 4,52 - 34,36) tiveram maior risco de não alcançar a adequação proteico-calórica.

Conclusão: O alcance das metas nutricionais > 80,0% ocorreu na maioria dos pacientes. Os fatores de risco para inadequação proteico-calórica foram as interrupções da nutrição, especialmente por motivo de vômito/resíduo gástrico, jejum para procedimento de extubação, exames e procedimentos cirúrgicos.

MeSH terms

  • APACHE
  • Cohort Studies
  • Critical Illness / therapy*
  • Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage*
  • Energy Intake*
  • Enteral Nutrition / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nutrition Assessment
  • Nutritional Status
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Dietary Proteins