Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. young adults with suspected and reported psychiatric diagnoses

Psychiatry Res. 2020 Oct:292:113345. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113345. Epub 2020 Jul 29.

Abstract

We report distress levels and functional outcomes based on self-reported pre-existing mental health conditions among U.S. young adults (N=898) during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 13-May 19, 2020). Depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, as well as COVID-19-related concerns, sleep problems, and quality of life were compared across the following pre-existing mental health groups: 1) no diagnosis, 2) suspected diagnosis, 3) diagnosed and untreated, and 4) diagnosed and treated. Compared to those without a diagnosis, the likelihood of scoring above the clinical threshold for those with a diagnosis - whether treated or not - was more than six-fold for depression, and four-to six-fold for anxiety and PTSD. Individuals with a suspected diagnosis were 3 times more likely to score above the clinical threshold for depression and anxiety and 2 times more as likely to score above this threshold for PTSD compared to those with no diagnosis. We also present higher levels of COVID-19-related worry and grief, poorer sleep, and poorer reported health-related quality of life among those with either a suspected or reported mental health diagnosis. Findings provide evidence of vulnerability among individuals with a mental health diagnosis or suspected mental health concerns during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Depression; Health-related quality of life; Mental health; PTSD; Sleep.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • Anxiety / psychology
  • Anxiety Disorders / epidemiology
  • Betacoronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / psychology*
  • Depression / epidemiology
  • Depression / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / epidemiology*
  • Mental Health
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology
  • Pneumonia, Viral / psychology*
  • Psychological Distress*
  • Quality of Life / psychology*
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / epidemiology*
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / psychology
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Young Adult