LRRC31 inhibits DNA repair and sensitizes breast cancer brain metastasis to radiation therapy

Nat Cell Biol. 2020 Oct;22(10):1276-1285. doi: 10.1038/s41556-020-00586-6. Epub 2020 Oct 1.

Abstract

Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a devastating disease. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay for treatment of this disease. Unfortunately, its efficacy is limited by the dose that can be safely applied. One promising approach to overcoming this limitation is to sensitize BCBMs to radiation by inhibiting their ability to repair DNA damage. Here, we report a DNA repair suppressor, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 31 (LRRC31), that was identified through a genome-wide CRISPR screen. We found that overexpression of LRRC31 suppresses DNA repair and sensitizes BCBMs to radiation. Mechanistically, LRRC31 interacts with Ku70/Ku80 and the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related (ATR) at the protein level, resulting in inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) recruitment and activation, and disruption of the MutS homologue 2 (MSH2)-ATR module. We demonstrate that targeted delivery of the LRRC31 gene via nanoparticles improves the survival of tumour-bearing mice after irradiation. Collectively, our study suggests LRRC31 as a major DNA repair suppressor that can be targeted for cancer radiosensitizing therapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / genetics
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / metabolism
  • Brain Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Brain Neoplasms / radiotherapy*
  • Brain Neoplasms / secondary
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / radiotherapy*
  • Cell Proliferation
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA Repair*
  • Female
  • Gamma Rays
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • MutS Homolog 2 Protein / genetics
  • MutS Homolog 2 Protein / metabolism
  • Nuclear Proteins / administration & dosage
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / administration & dosage
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • LRRC31 protein, human
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents
  • ATR protein, human
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • MSH2 protein, human
  • MutS Homolog 2 Protein