Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects against sympathetic excitation-induced cardiac fibrosis

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Dec 17;533(4):1427-1434. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.098. Epub 2020 Oct 24.

Abstract

Sympathetic stimulated-cardiac fibrosis imposes great significance on both disease progression and survival in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. However, there are few effective therapies targeting it clinically. The cardioprotective effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has been explored in many pathological conditions, whether it can exert benefit effects on chronic sympathetic stimulus-induced cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we determined to explore the role of ALDH2 on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CF) proliferation and cardiac fibrosis. It was found that ALDH2 enzymatic activity was impaired in ISO-induced HCF proliferation and Aldh2 deficiency promoted mouse CF proliferation. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, exerted obvious suppressive effect on ISO-induced HCF proliferation, together with the induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and decreased expression of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Mechanistically, the inhibitory role of Alda-1 on HCF proliferation was achieved by decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was partially reversed by rotenone, an inducer of ROS. In addition, wild-type mice treated with Alda-1 manifested with reduced fibrosis and better cardiac function after ISO pump. In summary, Alda-1 alleviates sympathetic excitation-induced cardiac fibrosis via decreasing mitochondrial ROS accumulation, highlighting ALDH2 activity as a promising drug target of cardiac fibrosis.

Keywords: Alda-1; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; Cardiac fibrosis; Fibroblasts; Proliferation; Sympathetic excitation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Benzamides / pharmacology
  • Benzodioxoles / pharmacology
  • Cardiomyopathies / chemically induced
  • Cardiomyopathies / enzymology
  • Cardiomyopathies / pathology*
  • Cardiotonic Agents / pharmacology
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Electrocardiography
  • Fibroblasts / pathology
  • Fibrosis
  • Heart Ventricles / pathology
  • Humans
  • Isoproterenol / toxicity
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism

Substances

  • Benzamides
  • Benzodioxoles
  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • ALDH2 protein, human
  • ALDH2 protein, mouse
  • Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
  • Isoproterenol